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2024-03-29 18:03:38, GGRNA : RefSeq release 60 (20130726)

LOCUS       NM_012473               1342 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 07-JUL-2013
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens thioredoxin 2 (TXN2), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_012473
VERSION     NM_012473.3  GI:27436899
KEYWORDS    RefSeq.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1342)
  AUTHORS   Sugano,E., Isago,H., Murayama,N., Tamai,M. and Tomita,H.
  TITLE     Different anti-oxidant effects of thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2
            in retinal epithelial cells
  JOURNAL   Cell Struct. Funct. 38 (1), 81-88 (2013)
   PUBMED   23485938
  REMARK    GeneRIF: We showed that overexpression of TRXs reduced cell death;
            TRX2 was expressed in the mitochondria, while TRX1 was expressed in
            the cytoplasm.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1342)
  AUTHORS   Song,J.S., Cho,H.H., Lee,B.J., Bae,Y.C. and Jung,J.S.
  TITLE     Role of thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2 on proliferation of human
            adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells
  JOURNAL   Stem Cells Dev. 20 (9), 1529-1537 (2011)
   PUBMED   21158569
  REMARK    GeneRIF: TRX1 and TRX2 regulate the proliferation and survival of
            adipocyte derived stem cells; these processes are mediated by the
            activation of ERK1/2
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1342)
  AUTHORS   Yang,L., Wu,D., Wang,X. and Cederbaum,A.I.
  TITLE     Depletion of cytosolic or mitochondrial thioredoxin increases
            CYP2E1-induced oxidative stress via an ASK-1-JNK1 pathway in HepG2
            cells
  JOURNAL   Free Radic. Biol. Med. 51 (1), 185-196 (2011)
   PUBMED   21557999
  REMARK    GeneRIF: knockdown of TRX-1 or TRX-2 sensitizes cells to
            CYP2E1-induced oxidant stress partially via ASK-1 and JNK1
            signaling pathways. Both TRX-1 and TRX-2 are important for defense
            against CYP2E1-induced oxidative stress.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1342)
  AUTHORS   Jiang,L., Lai,Y.K., Zhang,J., Wang,H., Lin,M.C., He,M.L. and
            Kung,H.F.
  TITLE     Targeting S100P inhibits colon cancer growth and metastasis by
            Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference and proteomic analysis
  JOURNAL   Mol. Med. 17 (7-8), 709-716 (2011)
   PUBMED   21327297
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Data show that knockdown of S100P led to downregulation of
            thioredoxin 1 and beta-tubulin and upregulation of RhoGDIA, all
            potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1342)
  AUTHORS   Hanschmann,E.M., Lonn,M.E., Schutte,L.D., Funke,M., Godoy,J.R.,
            Eitner,S., Hudemann,C. and Lillig,C.H.
  TITLE     Both thioredoxin 2 and glutaredoxin 2 contribute to the reduction
            of the mitochondrial 2-Cys peroxiredoxin Prx3
  JOURNAL   J. Biol. Chem. 285 (52), 40699-40705 (2010)
   PUBMED   20929858
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Both thioredoxin 2 and glutaredoxin 2 contribute to the
            reduction of the mitochondrial 2-Cys peroxiredoxin Prx3.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1342)
  AUTHORS   Cebrian,A., Pharoah,P.D., Ahmed,S., Smith,P.L., Luccarini,C.,
            Luben,R., Redman,K., Munday,H., Easton,D.F., Dunning,A.M. and
            Ponder,B.A.
  TITLE     Tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in antioxidant defense
            enzymes and susceptibility to breast cancer
  JOURNAL   Cancer Res. 66 (2), 1225-1233 (2006)
   PUBMED   16424062
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE
            Navigator)
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1342)
  AUTHORS   Collins,J.E., Wright,C.L., Edwards,C.A., Davis,M.P., Grinham,J.A.,
            Cole,C.G., Goward,M.E., Aguado,B., Mallya,M., Mokrab,Y.,
            Huckle,E.J., Beare,D.M. and Dunham,I.
  TITLE     A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome
  JOURNAL   Genome Biol. 5 (10), R84 (2004)
   PUBMED   15461802
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1342)
  AUTHORS   Damdimopoulos,A.E., Miranda-Vizuete,A., Pelto-Huikko,M.,
            Gustafsson,J.A. and Spyrou,G.
  TITLE     Human mitochondrial thioredoxin. Involvement in mitochondrial
            membrane potential and cell death
  JOURNAL   J. Biol. Chem. 277 (36), 33249-33257 (2002)
   PUBMED   12080052
  REMARK    GeneRIF: MT-TRX has a role in the regulation of the mitochondrial
            membrane potential and cell death
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1342)
  AUTHORS   Chen,Y., Cai,J., Murphy,T.J. and Jones,D.P.
  TITLE     Overexpressed human mitochondrial thioredoxin confers resistance to
            oxidant-induced apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells
  JOURNAL   J. Biol. Chem. 277 (36), 33242-33248 (2002)
   PUBMED   12032145
  REMARK    GeneRIF: mitochondrial thioredoxin may play important roles in
            protection against oxidant-induced apoptosis
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1342)
  AUTHORS   Dunham,I., Shimizu,N., Roe,B.A., Chissoe,S., Hunt,A.R.,
            Collins,J.E., Bruskiewich,R., Beare,D.M., Clamp,M., Smink,L.J.,
            Ainscough,R., Almeida,J.P., Babbage,A., Bagguley,C., Bailey,J.,
            Barlow,K., Bates,K.N., Beasley,O., Bird,C.P., Blakey,S.,
            Bridgeman,A.M., Buck,D., Burgess,J., Burrill,W.D., O'Brien,K.P. et
            al.
  TITLE     The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22
  JOURNAL   Nature 402 (6761), 489-495 (1999)
   PUBMED   10591208
  REMARK    Erratum:[Nature 2000 Apr 20;404(6780):904]
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AF480262.1.
            On Dec 31, 2002 this sequence version replaced gi:21361402.
            
            Summary: This nuclear gene encodes a mitochondrial member of the
            thioredoxin family, a group of small multifunctional redox-active
            proteins. The encoded protein may play important roles in the
            regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and in
            protection against oxidant-induced apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq,
            Jul 2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AF480262.1, BX457676.2 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           ERS025084, ERS025098 [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: reported by MitoCarta
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1342
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="22"
                     /map="22q13.1"
     gene            1..1342
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /note="thioredoxin 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25828"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:17772"
                     /db_xref="HPRD:07161"
                     /db_xref="MIM:609063"
     exon            1..77
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
     CDS             78..578
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /note="thioredoxin, mitochondrial; mitochondrial
                     thioredoxin; thioredoxin-2"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="thioredoxin, mitochondrial precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_036605.2"
                     /db_xref="GI:21361403"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS13928.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25828"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:17772"
                     /db_xref="HPRD:07161"
                     /db_xref="MIM:609063"
                     /translation="
MAQRLLLRRFLASVISRKPSQGQWPPLTSRALQTPQCSPGGLTVTPNPARTIYTTRISLTTFNIQDGPDFQDRVVNSETPVVVDFHAQWCGPCKILGPRLEKMVAKQHGKVVMAKVDIDDHTDLAIEYEVSAVPTVLAMKNGDVVDKFVGIKDEDQLEAFLKKLIG
"
     transit_peptide 78..254
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
     mat_peptide     255..575
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /product="thioredoxin, mitochondrial"
     misc_feature    291..563
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /note="TRX family; composed of two groups: Group I, which
                     includes proteins that exclusively encode a TRX domain;
                     and Group II, which are composed of fusion proteins of TRX
                     and additional domains. Group I TRX is a small ancient
                     protein that alter the redox...; Region: TRX_family;
                     cd02947"
                     /db_xref="CDD:48496"
     misc_feature    327..329
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /inference="non-experimental evidence, no additional
                     details recorded"
                     /note="Deprotonates C-terminal active site Cys (By
                     similarity); propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
                     (Q99757.2); other site"
     misc_feature    order(345..347,354..356)
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /note="catalytic residues [active]"
                     /db_xref="CDD:48496"
     misc_feature    348..350
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /inference="non-experimental evidence, no additional
                     details recorded"
                     /note="Contributes to redox potential value (By
                     similarity); propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
                     (Q99757.2); other site"
     misc_feature    351..353
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /inference="non-experimental evidence, no additional
                     details recorded"
                     /note="Contributes to redox potential value (By
                     similarity); propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
                     (Q99757.2); other site"
     misc_feature    531..533
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
                     recorded"
                     /note="N6-acetyllysine; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (Q99757.2); acetylation site"
     exon            78..340
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
     variation       169
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /replace="c"
                     /replace="t"
                     /db_xref="dbSNP:11545777"
     variation       179
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /replace="c"
                     /replace="t"
                     /db_xref="dbSNP:11545778"
     exon            341..464
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
     exon            465..1336
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
     STS             571..809
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /standard_name="PMC193924P2"
                     /db_xref="UniSTS:271764"
     STS             581..736
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /standard_name="RH70707"
                     /db_xref="UniSTS:13005"
     STS             747..975
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /standard_name="RH75085"
                     /db_xref="UniSTS:91744"
     variation       994
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /replace="a"
                     /replace="g"
                     /db_xref="dbSNP:1062055"
     STS             1087..1330
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /standard_name="RH68054"
                     /db_xref="UniSTS:47375"
     polyA_signal    1313..1318
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
     polyA_site      1336
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2"
                     /experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
                     recorded"
ORIGIN      
gaggaagtgacgacaggcgtgcccttgacaggcagggagggctaggctgtgcatccctccgctcgcattgcagggagatggctcagcgacttcttctgaggaggttcctggcctctgtcatctccaggaagccctctcagggtcagtggccacccctcacttccagagccctgcagaccccacaatgcagtcctggtggcctgactgtaacacccaacccagcccggacaatatacaccacgaggatctccttgacaacctttaatatccaggatggacctgactttcaagaccgagtggtcaacagtgagacaccagtggttgtggatttccacgcacagtggtgtggaccctgcaagatcctggggccgaggttagagaagatggtggccaagcagcacgggaaggtggtgatggccaaggtggatattgatgaccacacagacctcgccattgagtatgaggtgtcagcggtgcccactgtgctggccatgaagaatggggacgtggtggacaagtttgtgggcatcaaggatgaggatcagttggaggccttcctgaagaagctgattggctgacaagcagggatgagtcctggttcccttgcccgcgtgggaccccaatagaactcagcccttccatgccagcccttcctgctgcctccctcctgtctggctcctggggcccatgcttagagcccaggctccagccctgagtgcttccgagctggcggactgcccaggggccatcagaggatggtggtgctgctgctgatccggggaccgctgtcttccctcccatacgcctttcatccctccttctagggcctatggcagttctcccaggatgtgtggcgagagcctgggccagcccacagcgttcctagtcaggcagccacaccttggtcctcatcttggtcccttccaatctgaaacctcgtgcctggctcgtctgccacctacatttctctttccagctgctgttttgtaaaaagaaaaagaaaaaagaagcccaaactagtgagagtaatatctaattatctcattttttgtaggtctgtgataaagaacttagtcatcccttccacctcctactgtgaagaacagaccctgggtcccacactgaaatcccctctagtcacccattcccaccccccagggagctgcctcccaggcagggggtgcagaaaatgattgatgggctggggaaccctggagagcctcgactccggaagtctcaaggtgcctcctcctctccttagctggcccgttggttttctgagcagggggctgaactgtgaacaagtcagacaaataaagcaagggtctgcaccatcaaaaaa
//

Annotations:

ANNOTATIONS from NCBI Entrez Gene (20130726):
            GeneID:25828 -> Molecular function: GO:0009055 [electron carrier activity] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Molecular function: GO:0015035 [protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Molecular function: GO:0032403 [protein complex binding] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Biological process: GO:0001666 [response to hypoxia] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Biological process: GO:0006662 [glycerol ether metabolic process] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Biological process: GO:0006979 [response to oxidative stress] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Biological process: GO:0007584 [response to nutrient] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Biological process: GO:0009725 [response to hormone stimulus] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Biological process: GO:0009749 [response to glucose stimulus] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Biological process: GO:0014070 [response to organic cyclic compound] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Biological process: GO:0022900 [electron transport chain] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Biological process: GO:0031669 [cellular response to nutrient levels] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Biological process: GO:0042493 [response to drug] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Biological process: GO:0045454 [cell redox homeostasis] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Biological process: GO:0048678 [response to axon injury] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Cellular component: GO:0005730 [nucleolus] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:25828 -> Cellular component: GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:25828 -> Cellular component: GO:0030425 [dendrite] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:25828 -> Cellular component: GO:0043025 [neuronal cell body] evidence: IEA

by @meso_cacase at DBCLS
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