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2025-05-09 19:31:44, GGRNA : RefSeq release 60 (20130726)
LOCUS NM_002825 1558 bp mRNA linear PRI 24-JUN-2013
DEFINITION Homo sapiens pleiotrophin (PTN), mRNA.
ACCESSION NM_002825
VERSION NM_002825.5 GI:42476152
KEYWORDS RefSeq.
SOURCE Homo sapiens (human)
ORGANISM Homo sapiens
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 1558)
AUTHORS Zhang,Q., Tao,K., Huang,W., Tian,Y. and Liu,X.
TITLE Elevated expression of pleiotrophin in human hypertrophic scars
JOURNAL J. Mol. Histol. 44 (1), 91-96 (2013)
PUBMED 23054143
REMARK GeneRIF: elevated expression of PTN is likely to be involved in the
pathogenesis of hypertrophic scar (HS).
REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 1558)
AUTHORS Singh,P.K. and Srivastava,V.
TITLE Recombinant expression and purification of heparin binding
proteins: midkine and pleiotrophin from Escherichia coli
JOURNAL Protein Expr. Purif. 85 (2), 181-186 (2012)
PUBMED 22871361
REMARK GeneRIF: Soluble rhMDK, rmMDK and rhPTN were expressed at a
high-level and the protein was purified by a one-step purification
using heparin affinity chromatography. Activity of purified rhMDK
and rhPTN was confirmed by a cell proliferation assay.
REFERENCE 3 (bases 1 to 1558)
AUTHORS Tsirmoula,S., Dimas,K., Hatziapostolou,M., Lamprou,M., Ravazoula,P.
and Papadimitriou,E.
TITLE Implications of pleiotrophin in human PC3 prostate cancer cell
growth in vivo
JOURNAL Cancer Sci. 103 (10), 1826-1832 (2012)
PUBMED 22783964
REMARK GeneRIF: Our data suggest that PTN is implicated in human prostate
cancer growth in vivo
REFERENCE 4 (bases 1 to 1558)
AUTHORS Sethi,G., Pathak,H.B., Zhang,H., Zhou,Y., Einarson,M.B.,
Vathipadiekal,V., Gunewardena,S., Birrer,M.J. and Godwin,A.K.
TITLE An RNA interference lethality screen of the human druggable genome
to identify molecular vulnerabilities in epithelial ovarian cancer
JOURNAL PLoS ONE 7 (10), E47086 (2012)
PUBMED 23056589
REMARK GeneRIF: NDC80, NUF2 and PTN were significantly aberrantly
overexpressed in serous adenocarcinomas.
REFERENCE 5 (bases 1 to 1558)
AUTHORS Lau,F.H., Xia,F., Kaplan,A., Cerrato,F., Greene,A.K., Taghinia,A.,
Cowan,C.A. and Labow,B.I.
TITLE Expression analysis of macrodactyly identifies pleiotrophin
upregulation
JOURNAL PLoS ONE 7 (7), E40423 (2012)
PUBMED 22848377
REMARK GeneRIF: pleiotrophin (PTN) was significantly overexpressed across
all our macrodactyly samples. The mitogenic functions of PTN
correlate closely with the clinical characteristics of
macrodactyly.
REFERENCE 6 (bases 1 to 1558)
AUTHORS Li,Y.S., Hoffman,R.M., Le Beau,M.M., Espinosa,R. III, Jenkins,N.A.,
Gilbert,D.J., Copeland,N.G. and Deuel,T.F.
TITLE Characterization of the human pleiotrophin gene. Promoter region
and chromosomal localization
JOURNAL J. Biol. Chem. 267 (36), 26011-26016 (1992)
PUBMED 1464612
REFERENCE 7 (bases 1 to 1558)
AUTHORS Milner,P.G., Shah,D., Veile,R., Donis-Keller,H. and Kumar,B.V.
TITLE Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and chromosome localization of the
human pleiotrophin gene
JOURNAL Biochemistry 31 (48), 12023-12028 (1992)
PUBMED 1457401
REFERENCE 8 (bases 1 to 1558)
AUTHORS Wellstein,A., Fang,W.J., Khatri,A., Lu,Y., Swain,S.S.,
Dickson,R.B., Sasse,J., Riegel,A.T. and Lippman,M.E.
TITLE A heparin-binding growth factor secreted from breast cancer cells
homologous to a developmentally regulated cytokine
JOURNAL J. Biol. Chem. 267 (4), 2582-2587 (1992)
PUBMED 1733956
REFERENCE 9 (bases 1 to 1558)
AUTHORS Kretschmer,P.J., Fairhurst,J.L., Decker,M.M., Chan,C.P.,
Gluzman,Y., Bohlen,P. and Kovesdi,I.
TITLE Cloning, characterization and developmental regulation of two
members of a novel human gene family of neurite outgrowth-promoting
proteins
JOURNAL Growth Factors 5 (2), 99-114 (1991)
PUBMED 1768439
REFERENCE 10 (bases 1 to 1558)
AUTHORS Tezuka,K., Takeshita,S., Hakeda,Y., Kumegawa,M., Kikuno,R. and
Hashimoto-Gotoh,T.
TITLE Isolation of mouse and human cDNA clones encoding a protein
expressed specifically in osteoblasts and brain tissues
JOURNAL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 173 (1), 246-251 (1990)
PUBMED 1701634
COMMENT VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
M57399.1, BC005916.1 and BM968820.1.
On Feb 9, 2004 this sequence version replaced gi:31543448.
Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
record to access additional publications.
##Evidence-Data-START##
Transcript exon combination :: BC005916.1, AL535180.3 [ECO:0000332]
RNAseq introns :: single sample supports all introns
ERS025088 [ECO:0000348]
##Evidence-Data-END##
PRIMARY REFSEQ_SPAN PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN COMP
1-12 M57399.1 33-44
13-1287 BC005916.1 1-1275
1288-1558 BM968820.1 1-271 c
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
source 1..1558
/organism="Homo sapiens"
/mol_type="mRNA"
/db_xref="taxon:9606"
/chromosome="7"
/map="7q33"
gene 1..1558
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/note="pleiotrophin"
/db_xref="GeneID:5764"
/db_xref="HGNC:9630"
/db_xref="HPRD:01199"
/db_xref="MIM:162095"
exon 1..362
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
misc_feature 106..108
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/note="upstream in-frame stop codon"
variation 309
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/replace="a"
/replace="c"
/db_xref="dbSNP:11539934"
exon 363..478
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
CDS 364..870
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/note="heparin affin regulatory protein; heparin-binding
growth-associated molecule; pleiotrophin (heparin binding
growth factor 8, neurite growth-promoting factor 1); HBBM;
OSF-1; HB-GAM; HBGF-8; HBNF-1; osteoblast-specific factor
1; heparin-binding brain mitogen; heparin-binding growth
factor 8; heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting
factor 1"
/codon_start=1
/product="pleiotrophin precursor"
/protein_id="NP_002816.1"
/db_xref="GI:4506281"
/db_xref="CCDS:CCDS5844.1"
/db_xref="GeneID:5764"
/db_xref="HGNC:9630"
/db_xref="HPRD:01199"
/db_xref="MIM:162095"
/translation="
MQAQQYQQQRRKFAAAFLAFIFILAAVDTAEAGKKEKPEKKVKKSDCGEWQWSVCVPTSGDCGLGTREGTRTGAECKQTMKTQRCKIPCNWKKQFGAECKYQFQAWGECDLNTALKTRTGSLKRALHNAECQKTVTISKPCGKLTKPKPQAESKKKKKEGKKQEKMLD
"
sig_peptide 364..459
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/inference="COORDINATES: ab initio prediction:SignalP:4.0"
mat_peptide 460..867
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/product="Pleiotrophin"
/experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
recorded"
/note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P21246.1)"
misc_feature 502..756
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/note="Pleiotrophin / midkine family; Region: PTN;
smart00193"
/db_xref="CDD:128490"
misc_feature order(502..504,589..591)
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
recorded"
/note="disulfide bridge bond"
misc_feature order(526..528,616..618)
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
recorded"
/note="disulfide bridge bond"
misc_feature order(547..549,628..630)
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
recorded"
/note="disulfide bridge bond"
misc_feature order(658..660,754..756)
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
recorded"
/note="disulfide bridge bond"
misc_feature order(688..690,784..786)
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
recorded"
/note="disulfide bridge bond"
exon 479..652
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
exon 653..814
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
exon 815..1549
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
STS 876..965
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/standard_name="D7S2735"
/db_xref="UniSTS:56879"
STS 894..1061
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/standard_name="Ptn"
/db_xref="UniSTS:144298"
STS 1326..1519
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/standard_name="A005E25"
/db_xref="UniSTS:66842"
STS 1374..1473
/gene="PTN"
/gene_synonym="HARP; HBGF8; HBNF; NEGF1"
/standard_name="STS-AA001449"
/db_xref="UniSTS:7028"
ORIGIN
gagtgcaaagcgctctccctccctcgcccagccttcgtcctcctggcccgctcctctcatccctcccattctccatttcccttccgttccctccctgtcagggcgtaattgagtcaaaggcaggatcaggttccccgccttccagtccaaaaatcccgccaagagagccccagagcagaggaaaatccaaagtggagagaggggaagaaagagaccagtgagtcatccgtccagaaggcggggagagcagcagcggcccaagcaggagctgcagcgagccgggtacctggactcagcggtagcaacctcgccccttgcaacaaaggcagactgagcgccagagaggacgtttccaactcaaaaatgcaggctcaacagtaccagcagcagcgtcgaaaatttgcagctgccttcttggcattcattttcatactggcagctgtggatactgctgaagcagggaagaaagagaaaccagaaaaaaaagtgaagaagtctgactgtggagaatggcagtggagtgtgtgtgtgcccaccagtggagactgtgggctgggcacacgggagggcactcggactggagctgagtgcaagcaaaccatgaagacccagagatgtaagatcccctgcaactggaagaagcaatttggcgcggagtgcaaataccagttccaggcctggggagaatgtgacctgaacacagccctgaagaccagaactggaagtctgaagcgagccctgcacaatgccgaatgccagaagactgtcaccatctccaagccctgtggcaaactgaccaagcccaaacctcaagcagaatctaagaagaagaaaaaggaaggcaagaaacaggagaagatgctggattaaaagatgtcacctgtggaacataaaaaggacatcagcaaacaggatcagttaactattgcatttatatgtaccgtaggctttgtattcaaaaattatctatagctaagtacacaataagcaaaaacaaaaagaaaagaaaatttttgtagtagcgttttttaaatgtatactatagtaccagtaggggcttataataaaggactgtaatcttatttaggaagttgacttatagtacatgataaatgatagacaattgaggtaagttttttgaaattatgtgacattttacattaaattttttttacattttttgggcagcaatttaaatgttatgactatgtaaactacttctcttgttaggtaatttttttcacctagatttttttcccaattgagaaaaatatatactaaacaaaatagcaataaaacataatcactctatttgaagaaaatatcttgttttctgccaatagattttttaaaatgtagtcagcaaaatgggggtggggaagcagagcatgtcctagttcaatgttgactttttttttttttaaagaaaagcattaagacataaaattctttcactttggcagaagcatttgttttcttgatgaaattatttttccatctgaggaaaaaaatactaggaaaataaatcaaggtgatgctgaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
//
ANNOTATIONS from NCBI Entrez Gene (20130726):
GeneID:5764 -> Molecular function: GO:0004864 [protein phosphatase inhibitor activity] evidence: TAS
GeneID:5764 -> Molecular function: GO:0008083 [growth factor activity] evidence: IEA
GeneID:5764 -> Molecular function: GO:0008201 [heparin binding] evidence: IEA
GeneID:5764 -> Biological process: GO:0007185 [transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway] evidence: TAS
GeneID:5764 -> Biological process: GO:0007399 [nervous system development] evidence: TAS
GeneID:5764 -> Biological process: GO:0007612 [learning] evidence: IEA
GeneID:5764 -> Biological process: GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] evidence: TAS
GeneID:5764 -> Biological process: GO:0030282 [bone mineralization] evidence: IEA
GeneID:5764 -> Biological process: GO:0051781 [positive regulation of cell division] evidence: IEA
GeneID:5764 -> Cellular component: GO:0005615 [extracellular space] evidence: TAS
GeneID:5764 -> Cellular component: GO:0005783 [endoplasmic reticulum] evidence: IDA
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@meso_cacase at
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