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2026-01-17 21:54:13, GGRNA.v2 : RefSeq release 232 (Sep, 2025)

LOCUS       NM_205263               3730 bp    mRNA    linear   VRT 30-APR-2025
DEFINITION  Gallus gallus poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_205263
VERSION     NM_205263.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq.
SOURCE      Gallus gallus (chicken)
  ORGANISM  Gallus gallus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Archelosauria; Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda;
            Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Galloanserae; Galliformes;
            Phasianidae; Phasianinae; Gallus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3730)
  AUTHORS   Diani-Moore,S., Zhang,S., Ram,P. and Rifkind,A.B.
  TITLE     Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by dioxin targets
            phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) for ADP-ribosylation via
            2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-inducible
            poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (TiPARP)
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 288 (30), 21514-21525 (2013)
   PUBMED   23770670
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Data indicate that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)
            enhances phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) ADP-ribosylation
            through TiPARP TiPARP (TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase).
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3730)
  AUTHORS   Bueno,M.T., Reyes,D., Valdes,L., Saheba,A., Urias,E., Mendoza,C.,
            Fregoso,O.I. and Llano,M.
  TITLE     Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 promotes transcriptional repression
            of integrated retroviruses
  JOURNAL   J Virol 87 (5), 2496-2507 (2013)
   PUBMED   23255787
  REMARK    GeneRIF: data indicate a novel role of PARP-1 in the
            transcriptional repression of integrated retroviruses
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3730)
  AUTHORS   Burge,S., Kelly,E., Lonsdale,D., Mutowo-Muellenet,P., McAnulla,C.,
            Mitchell,A., Sangrador-Vegas,A., Yong,S.Y., Mulder,N. and Hunter,S.
  TITLE     Manual GO annotation of predictive protein signatures: the InterPro
            approach to GO curation
  JOURNAL   Database (Oxford) 2012, bar068 (2012)
   PUBMED   22301074
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3730)
  AUTHORS   Fisher,A.E., Hochegger,H., Takeda,S. and Caldecott,K.W.
  TITLE     Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 accelerates single-strand break
            repair in concert with poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Biol 27 (15), 5597-5605 (2007)
   PUBMED   17548475
  REMARK    GeneRIF: PARG is identified as a novel and critical component of
            single-strand break repair that accelerates this process in concert
            with PARP-1.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3730)
  AUTHORS   Saberi,A., Hochegger,H., Szuts,D., Lan,L., Yasui,A., Sale,J.E.,
            Taniguchi,Y., Murakawa,Y., Zeng,W., Yokomori,K., Helleday,T.,
            Teraoka,H., Arakawa,H., Buerstedde,J.M. and Takeda,S.
  TITLE     RAD18 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase independently suppress the
            access of nonhomologous end joining to double-strand breaks and
            facilitate homologous recombination-mediated repair
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Biol 27 (7), 2562-2571 (2007)
   PUBMED   17242200
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Higher-eukaryotic cells separately employ PARP1 and Rad18
            to suppress the toxic effects of NHEJ during the HR reaction at
            stalled replication forks.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3730)
  AUTHORS   Mendoza-Alvarez,H. and Alvarez-Gonzalez,R.
  TITLE     The 40 kDa carboxy-terminal domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1
            forms catalytically competent homo- and heterodimers in the absence
            of DNA
  JOURNAL   J Mol Biol 336 (1), 105-114 (2004)
   PUBMED   14741207
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Results show that the 40 kDa carboxy terminus of
            poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 forms a competent catalytic dimer in
            the absence of DNA, and that its automodification reaction is
            intermolecular.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3730)
  AUTHORS   Ruf,A., Rolli,V., de Murcia,G. and Schulz,G.E.
  TITLE     The mechanism of the elongation and branching reaction of
            poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase as derived from crystal structures and
            mutagenesis
  JOURNAL   J Mol Biol 278 (1), 57-65 (1998)
   PUBMED   9571033
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3730)
  AUTHORS   Ruf,A., de Murcia,G. and Schulz,G.E.
  TITLE     Inhibitor and NAD+ binding to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase as
            derived from crystal structures and homology modeling
  JOURNAL   Biochemistry 37 (11), 3893-3900 (1998)
   PUBMED   9521710
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3730)
  AUTHORS   Ruf,A., Mennissier de Murcia,J., de Murcia,G. and Schulz,G.E.
  TITLE     Structure of the catalytic fragment of poly(AD-ribose) polymerase
            from chicken
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 (15), 7481-7485 (1996)
   PUBMED   8755499
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3730)
  AUTHORS   Ittel,M.E., Garnier,J.M., Jeltsch,J.M. and Niedergang,C.P.
  TITLE     Chicken poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase: complete deduced amino acid
            sequence and comparison with mammalian enzyme sequences
  JOURNAL   Gene 102 (2), 157-164 (1991)
   PUBMED   1840535
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            JAENSK010000062.1.
            
            On Dec 3, 2021 this sequence version replaced NM_205263.2.
            
            Sequence Note: The RefSeq transcript and protein were derived from
            genomic sequence to make the sequence consistent with the reference
            genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript
            record were based on alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: X52690.1, SRR13267655.22632.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA103992290, SAMEA103992323
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-221               JAENSK010000062.1  4799635-4799855
            222-384             JAENSK010000062.1  4800745-4800907
            385-503             JAENSK010000062.1  4801577-4801695
            504-718             JAENSK010000062.1  4802749-4802963
            719-815             JAENSK010000062.1  4810132-4810228
            816-932             JAENSK010000062.1  4811553-4811669
            933-1109            JAENSK010000062.1  4812176-4812352
            1110-1251           JAENSK010000062.1  4812794-4812935
            1252-1392           JAENSK010000062.1  4814450-4814590
            1393-1635           JAENSK010000062.1  4814967-4815209
            1636-1704           JAENSK010000062.1  4816001-4816069
            1705-1837           JAENSK010000062.1  4816848-4816980
            1838-2033           JAENSK010000062.1  4818146-4818341
            2034-2162           JAENSK010000062.1  4819539-4819667
            2163-2246           JAENSK010000062.1  4822033-4822116
            2247-2369           JAENSK010000062.1  4823064-4823186
            2370-2498           JAENSK010000062.1  4823564-4823692
            2499-2597           JAENSK010000062.1  4824212-4824310
            2598-2750           JAENSK010000062.1  4824800-4824952
            2751-2878           JAENSK010000062.1  4825251-4825378
            2879-2940           JAENSK010000062.1  4825769-4825830
            2941-3055           JAENSK010000062.1  4826888-4827002
            3056-3730           JAENSK010000062.1  4828963-4829637
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3730
                     /organism="Gallus gallus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9031"
                     /chromosome="3"
                     /map="3"
     gene            1..3730
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /note="poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1"
                     /db_xref="CGNC:7010"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:396199"
     exon            1..221
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             102..3137
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /EC_number="2.4.2.30"
                     /note="ADP-ribosyltransferase NAD(+); ADPRT 1;
                     poly[ADP-ribose] synthetase 1; NAD(+)
                     ADP-ribosyltransferase 1; poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 1;
                     poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1;
                     ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 1; DNA
                     ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1; protein
                     poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1; TCDD-inducible
                     poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_990594.3"
                     /db_xref="CGNC:7010"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:396199"
                     /translation="
MAETGDKPYRAEYAKSGRASCKKCGESIAKDSLRLALMVQSPMFDGKVPHWHHYSCFWKRARIVSHTDIDGFPELRWEDQEKIKKAIETGGPAGGKGGDQEGGGKAEKSLTDFAAEYAKSNRSTCKGCEQKIEKGQIRISKKMVHPEKPQLGMIDNWYHPDCFVSRRAELGFLPAYGATQLLGFSILKAEDKETLKKQLPATKTEGKRKGEEVDGNVVAKKKSRKEKEKESKQEKQLKEQTELIWGIKDELRKVCSTNDLKELLIANKQEVPSGENAILDRVADGMAFGALLPCEECKGQFVFKSDAYYCSGDITAWTKCVAKTQTPNRKDWVIPKEFREIPYLKKFKCKKQDRIFPPEAATVNSAPPPSASAPLTETVTAPQDKPLTNMKILTLGKLSKNKEEVKNIVEELGGKMTTTANKATLCISTQKEVEKMSKKMEEVKDAKVRVVSEEFLKDVKSSSKGFQELLSLHAISPWGAEVKTEHQEVAVDGKCSKPANMKSAGKVKEEQGPSKSEKKMKLTVKGGAAVDPDSGLEDSAHVFEKGGKIFSATLGLVDIVKGTNSYYKLQLLEDDRESRYWVFRSWGRVGTVIGSNKLEQMPSKEDAVEHFLNLYEEKTGNSWHSKNFTKYPKKFYPLEIDYGQDEEAVRKLTVSAGTKSKLAKPIQDLIKMIFDVESMKKAMVEFEIDLQKMPLGKLSKRQIQSAYSILNEVQQAVSDGGSESQILDLSNRFYTLIPHDFGMKKPPLLSNLEYIQAKVQMLDNLLDIEVAYSLLRGGNEDGDKDPIDINYEKLRTDIKVVDKDSEEAKIIKQYVKNTHAATHNAYDLKVVEIFRIEREGESQRYKPFKQLHNRQLLWHGSRTTNFAGILSQGLRIAPPEAPVTGYMFGKGIYFADMVSKSANYCHTSQADPIGLILLGEVALGNMYELKNASHITKLPKGKHSVKGLGKTAPDPTATTTLDGVEVPLGNGISTGINDTCLLYNEYIVYDVAQVNLKYLLKLKFNYKTSLW"
     misc_feature    117..3122
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /note="poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase; Provisional; Region:
                     PLN03123"
                     /db_xref="CDD:215590"
     misc_feature    693..806
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P26446.2);
                     Region: Disordered. /evidence=ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
     misc_feature    720..728
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P26446.2);
                     Region: Nuclear localization signal.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09874"
     misc_feature    759..776
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P26446.2);
                     Region: Nuclear localization signal.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09874"
     misc_feature    966..1094
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P26446.2);
                     Region: Zinc ribbon.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01351"
     misc_feature    1176..1235
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P26446.2);
                     Region: Disordered. /evidence=ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
     misc_feature    1212..1667
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P26446.2);
                     Region: Automodification domain.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09874"
     misc_feature    1587..1658
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P26446.2);
                     Region: Disordered. /evidence=ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
     exon            222..384
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            385..503
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            504..718
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            719..815
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            816..932
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            933..1109
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1110..1251
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1252..1392
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1393..1635
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1636..1704
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1705..1837
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1838..2033
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2034..2162
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2163..2246
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2247..2369
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2370..2498
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2499..2597
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2598..2750
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2751..2878
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2879..2940
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2941..3055
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3056..3730
                     /gene="PARP1"
                     /gene_synonym="ADPRT; ARTD1; PARP-1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
gcctgcggtgggcgcgcggcgcggctcggctcggctcggctcggctcggctcggcgtgcctgggctcggggctcggggctcggctctcgagctcggcggcgatggcggagacgggggacaagccgtaccgcgcggagtacgccaagagcgggcgggcgtcgtgcaagaagtgcggcgagagcatcgccaaggactcgctgcgcctggccctcatggtgcagtcgcccatgttcgatggcaaagtccctcactggcaccactacagctgcttctggaagcgggcacggatcgtgtcccacacagacatcgatggcttccctgagctccgctgggaggaccaggagaaaatcaagaaggccattgaaaccggaggccctgcaggaggaaaagggggggaccaggaaggaggtggcaaggctgagaagagcctaactgactttgctgcagagtatgccaagtctaacaggagtacttgcaaaggctgtgagcagaaaatagaaaagggccagattcggatttccaagaagatggtgcatcctgagaaaccacagctggggatgatcgataactggtaccacccggactgcttcgtcagccgccgggcagagctgggcttcctcccagcatatggggccacacagctcctgggtttcagcatcttgaaagctgaagataaagaaactctgaagaaacagctaccagctactaagactgaaggaaagagaaaaggagaagaggtagatggaaatgtggttgcaaaaaagaaatcaagaaaagaaaaagaaaaagaatcaaagcaggaaaaacagctgaaggagcagacagagctgatctggggcatcaaggatgagctgaggaaggtctgctccacgaatgacctcaaagagctgctgatcgccaacaagcaggaggtgccttcaggggagaatgcaatcttggacagagtggcagacgggatggcgtttggagctctgcttccttgtgaggagtgtaaagggcagtttgtgttcaagagcgatgcatactactgctcaggggacattactgcctggactaagtgtgtggctaaaacacagactcccaataggaaagactgggtaatcccgaaggaatttcgtgagattccttatctcaaaaaatttaagtgtaagaagcaggataggatattccctcctgaggctgcaactgtgaactctgcaccgcctccatctgcatccgctccattgacagagactgtcactgcaccccaagacaaaccactgaccaacatgaagatcctgactcttggaaagctgtccaagaacaaggaggaagtgaagaatattgtggaggagctgggaggaaagatgacaacaacagctaacaaggccaccctgtgcatcagcacacaaaaggaggtggagaaaatgagcaagaagatggaagaagtgaaggatgccaaagttcgtgtggtctcagaggagtttcttaaggatgtgaaatcttccagcaagggctttcaggagcttctctctctccatgcaatttcaccttggggtgcagaggtgaaaacggagcaccaggaggtggcggtggatgggaagtgcagcaagcctgcaaatatgaagagtgctgggaaggtcaaagaagaacaaggacctagcaagtctgagaagaaaatgaagctaacagttaaaggtggagcagcagtagatcctgattccggcttggaggattctgctcatgtctttgaaaaaggtgggaagattttcagtgcaactcttggcctagtggatattgtgaaaggaacaaattcctattacaaactgcagctgctggaggatgacagagagagcaggtactgggtgttcagatcctggggtcgtgtgggcactgtcattgggagtaacaagctggagcagatgccatcaaaagaagatgctgttgaacacttcctaaatttgtacgaagagaaaactggcaattcttggcattcaaagaacttcactaaatatcccaaaaaattctacccactggaaatagattatggacaggatgaagaagctgtcaggaaactgacagtgagtgctgggactaaatcgaagcttgctaagccaatccaagaccttattaagatgatttttgatgtggagagcatgaagaaagccatggtggaatttgagattgacctgcagaagatgccactggggaaactgagcaagcgacagatccaaagtgcatactccatccttaacgaggttcagcaggcggtttctgacggtggttctgaatcccagatcttggacctctcaaaccgcttctatactctgatccctcatgactttgggatgaagaaaccacctcttctcagtaacttggaatacattcaggctaaagtgcagatgttggacaacttgctcgatattgaggttgcttacagtcttctcagaggtggaaatgaagatggagacaaagacccaattgatatcaattatgaaaagctccgaactgatattaaggtggttgacaaagattcagaagaagccaagattattaaacaatacgtgaaaaatactcatgctgctactcacaatgcatatgacctcaaagttgtggaaatcttcaggattgaacgtgaaggagagagtcagcgttacaagccatttaagcagcttcataatcgccagctgctgtggcacggttcccgcaccaccaacttcgctggtatcctctcacagggtctccggatagctccccctgaagctcctgtgaccggctacatgtttgggaagggcatctactttgcagatatggtttccaagagtgccaactactgtcacacatctcaagctgatccaattgggttaatactactgggagaagttgccctcggaaatatgtatgagctaaagaatgcttctcacataacaaaattgcccaagggaaaacatagtgtgaaaggcttgggcaaaactgcacctgatcccacagccactacaacccttgatggtgtagaagttcccttagggaatgggatctcaacaggaattaatgatacttgtctgctgtacaatgaatatattgtgtatgatgttgctcaggtaaatctgaagtacctgctgaaactgaaattcaactataagacatcactctggtgaacagtagttaggagtcctgttagttatactgtagttacactatagagttgacttctgacttgcttaagcattgacttcacttatcaagataccaagagctaaactgcaagagcggttactaaatcctatttagtacaacagttagtgaaagtttttatataatgtggcaacacaaggacctgaattctgttgagaatgcttagttggttttgttttacaccgcttctatttgtgggggctatcaagtgtttcttttgattggccgaacaaaatagatgacaacaacagcaacagaagtgttttttagccagaggtgggcgatagcagagaaggaacttgagggtgtttgtgatgtttgctctgttagggttcccacttgtttaagataccccttttcagtttccattttgaataaatgataaatgtgcatttattttgaggttaaaaaaacaataaaagataatttcatactaacagctttacgtttcaaaatttccgaattgttctgctttgagtaatcattcaaacgtatctgctggcgttttcttgaagagatatatctctctgatggtcaaatgccaaacattaatatc
//

by @meso_cacase at DBCLS
This page is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

If you use GGRNA in your work, please cite:
Naito Y, Bono H. (2012)
GGRNA: an ultrafast, transcript-oriented search engine for genes and transcripts.
Nucleic Acids Res., 40, W592-W596. [Full Text]