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2024-04-25 19:13:46, GGRNA : RefSeq release 60 (20130726)
LOCUS NM_013372 4150 bp mRNA linear PRI 01-JUL-2013
DEFINITION Homo sapiens gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist (GREM1),
transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION NM_013372
VERSION NM_013372.6 GI:300795276
KEYWORDS RefSeq.
SOURCE Homo sapiens (human)
ORGANISM Homo sapiens
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 4150)
AUTHORS Peters,U., Jiao,S., Schumacher,F.R., Hutter,C.M., Aragaki,A.K.,
Baron,J.A., Berndt,S.I., Bezieau,S., Brenner,H., Butterbach,K.,
Caan,B.J., Campbell,P.T., Carlson,C.S., Casey,G., Chan,A.T.,
Chang-Claude,J., Chanock,S.J., Chen,L.S., Coetzee,G.A.,
Coetzee,S.G., Conti,D.V., Curtis,K.R., Duggan,D., Edwards,T.,
Fuchs,C.S., Gallinger,S., Giovannucci,E.L., Gogarten,S.M.,
Gruber,S.B., Haile,R.W., Harrison,T.A., Hayes,R.B., Henderson,B.E.,
Hoffmeister,M., Hopper,J.L., Hudson,T.J., Hunter,D.J.,
Jackson,R.D., Jee,S.H., Jenkins,M.A., Jia,W.H., Kolonel,L.N.,
Kooperberg,C., Kury,S., Lacroix,A.Z., Laurie,C.C., Laurie,C.A., Le
Marchand,L., Lemire,M., Levine,D., Lindor,N.M., Liu,Y., Ma,J.,
Makar,K.W., Matsuo,K., Newcomb,P.A., Potter,J.D., Prentice,R.L.,
Qu,C., Rohan,T., Rosse,S.A., Schoen,R.E., Seminara,D.,
Shrubsole,M., Shu,X.O., Slattery,M.L., Taverna,D., Thibodeau,S.N.,
Ulrich,C.M., White,E., Xiang,Y., Zanke,B.W., Zeng,Y.X., Zhang,B.,
Zheng,W. and Hsu,L.
CONSRTM Colon Cancer Family Registry and the Genetics and Epidemiology of
Colorectal Cancer Consortium
TITLE Identification of Genetic Susceptibility Loci for Colorectal Tumors
in a Genome-Wide Meta-analysis
JOURNAL Gastroenterology 144 (4), 799-807 (2013)
PUBMED 23266556
REMARK Review article
REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 4150)
AUTHORS Chen,M.H., Yeh,Y.C., Shyr,Y.M., Jan,Y.H., Chao,Y., Li,C.P.,
Wang,S.E., Tzeng,C.H., Chang,P.M., Liu,C.Y., Chen,M.H., Hsiao,M.
and Huang,C.Y.
TITLE Expression of gremlin 1 correlates with increased angiogenesis and
progression-free survival in patients with pancreatic
neuroendocrine tumors
JOURNAL J. Gastroenterol. 48 (1), 101-108 (2013)
PUBMED 22706573
REMARK GeneRIF: Our data support a tumor suppressor role of GREM1 in
pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
REFERENCE 3 (bases 1 to 4150)
AUTHORS Leijten,J.C., Emons,J., Sticht,C., van Gool,S., Decker,E.,
Uitterlinden,A., Rappold,G., Hofman,A., Rivadeneira,F.,
Scherjon,S., Wit,J.M., van Meurs,J., van Blitterswijk,C.A. and
Karperien,M.
TITLE Gremlin 1, frizzled-related protein, and Dkk-1 are key regulators
of human articular cartilage homeostasis
JOURNAL Arthritis Rheum. 64 (10), 3302-3312 (2012)
PUBMED 22576962
REMARK GeneRIF: our study identified Gremlin 1, FRP, and Dkk-1 as natural
brakes on hypertrophic differentiation in articular cartilage.
REFERENCE 4 (bases 1 to 4150)
AUTHORS Mulvihill,M.S., Kwon,Y.W., Lee,S., Fang,L.T., Choi,H., Ray,R.,
Kang,H.C., Mao,J.H., Jablons,D. and Kim,I.J.
TITLE Gremlin is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma and increases cell
growth and proliferation in normal lung cells
JOURNAL PLoS ONE 7 (8), E42264 (2012)
PUBMED 22870311
REMARK GeneRIF: Lung adenocarcinoma but not squamous cell carcinoma shows
a significant increase in Gremlin expression by mRNA and protein
level. Lung fibroblast and epithelial cell lines transfected with
GREM1 show significantly increased cell proliferation.
REFERENCE 5 (bases 1 to 4150)
AUTHORS Guimei,M., Baddour,N., Elkaffash,D., Abdou,L. and Taher,Y.
TITLE Gremlin in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
complicating chronic hepatitis C: an immunohistochemical and PCR
study of human liver biopsies
JOURNAL BMC Res Notes 5, 390 (2012)
PUBMED 22839096
REMARK GeneRIF: Higher numbers of cirrhosis cases and HCCs showed gremlin
expression, which correlated with the stage. Gremlin expression
correlated with that of CK19 and FGF2 in hepatitis cases
Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE 6 (bases 1 to 4150)
AUTHORS Chen,B., Athanasiou,M., Gu,Q. and Blair,D.G.
TITLE Drm/Gremlin transcriptionally activates p21(Cip1) via a novel
mechanism and inhibits neoplastic transformation
JOURNAL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 295 (5), 1135-1141 (2002)
PUBMED 12135612
REMARK GeneRIF: Drm/Gremlin transcriptionally activates p21(Cip1) via a
novel mechanism and inhibits neoplastic transformation.
REFERENCE 7 (bases 1 to 4150)
AUTHORS McMahon,R., Murphy,M., Clarkson,M., Taal,M., Mackenzie,H.S.,
Godson,C., Martin,F. and Brady,H.R.
TITLE IHG-2, a mesangial cell gene induced by high glucose, is human
gremlin. Regulation by extracellular glucose concentration, cyclic
mechanical strain, and transforming growth factor-beta1
JOURNAL J. Biol. Chem. 275 (14), 9901-9904 (2000)
PUBMED 10744662
REFERENCE 8 (bases 1 to 4150)
AUTHORS Topol,L.Z., Modi,W.S., Koochekpour,S. and Blair,D.G.
TITLE DRM/GREMLIN (CKTSF1B1) maps to human chromosome 15 and is highly
expressed in adult and fetal brain
JOURNAL Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 89 (1-2), 79-84 (2000)
PUBMED 10894942
REFERENCE 9 (bases 1 to 4150)
AUTHORS Murphy,M., Godson,C., Cannon,S., Kato,S., Mackenzie,H.S., Martin,F.
and Brady,H.R.
TITLE Suppression subtractive hybridization identifies high glucose
levels as a stimulus for expression of connective tissue growth
factor and other genes in human mesangial cells
JOURNAL J. Biol. Chem. 274 (9), 5830-5834 (1999)
PUBMED 10026205
REFERENCE 10 (bases 1 to 4150)
AUTHORS Hsu,D.R., Economides,A.N., Wang,X., Eimon,P.M. and Harland,R.M.
TITLE The Xenopus dorsalizing factor Gremlin identifies a novel family of
secreted proteins that antagonize BMP activities
JOURNAL Mol. Cell 1 (5), 673-683 (1998)
PUBMED 9660951
COMMENT REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
reference sequence was derived from AK095890.1, AC090877.4 and
W19275.1.
On Jul 17, 2010 this sequence version replaced gi:71164890.
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic
protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain
cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN
(cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene
belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an
eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted
glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its
direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene
may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and
tissue differentiation. In mouse, this protein has been shown to
relay the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to
the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth.
Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different
isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul
2010].
Transcript Variant: This variant (1) is the longest transcript and
encodes the longest isoform (1).
Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
record to access additional publications.
##Evidence-Data-START##
Transcript exon combination :: DA573392.1, AY232290.1 [ECO:0000332]
RNAseq introns :: single sample supports all introns
ERS025081, ERS025084 [ECO:0000348]
##Evidence-Data-END##
COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY REFSEQ_SPAN PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN COMP
1-273 AK095890.1 1-273
274-3804 AC090877.4 65315-68845
3805-4150 W19275.1 1-346 c
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
source 1..4150
/organism="Homo sapiens"
/mol_type="mRNA"
/db_xref="taxon:9606"
/chromosome="15"
/map="15q13.3"
gene 1..4150
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/note="gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist"
/db_xref="GeneID:26585"
/db_xref="HGNC:2001"
/db_xref="HPRD:07048"
/db_xref="MIM:603054"
exon 1..158
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
variation 31
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="c"
/db_xref="dbSNP:370380722"
variation 48
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:35531317"
variation 55
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:35332609"
STS 138..767
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/db_xref="UniSTS:483181"
exon 159..4138
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
CDS 160..714
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/note="isoform 1 precursor is encoded by transcript
variant 1; cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 1;
increased in high glucose-2; gremlin-1;
proliferation-inducing gene 2; gremlin 1-like protein; DAN
domain family member 2; increased in high glucose protein
2; cell proliferation-inducing gene 2 protein;
down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein; gremlin
1, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog"
/codon_start=1
/product="gremlin-1 isoform 1 precursor"
/protein_id="NP_037504.1"
/db_xref="GI:7019349"
/db_xref="CCDS:CCDS10029.1"
/db_xref="GeneID:26585"
/db_xref="HGNC:2001"
/db_xref="HPRD:07048"
/db_xref="MIM:603054"
/translation="
MSRTAYTVGALLLLLGTLLPAAEGKKKGSQGAIPPPDKAQHNDSEQTQSPQQPGSRNRGRGQGRGTAMPGEEVLESSQEALHVTERKYLKRDWCKTQPLKQTIHEEGCNSRTIINRFCYGQCNSFYIPRHIRKEEGSFQSCSFCKPKKFTTMMVTLNCPELQPPTKKKRVTRVKQCRCISIDLD
"
sig_peptide 160..231
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/inference="COORDINATES: ab initio prediction:SignalP:4.0"
mat_peptide 232..711
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/product="gremlin-1 isoform 1"
misc_feature 361..711
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/note="DAN domain; Region: DAN; pfam03045"
/db_xref="CDD:217336"
STS 160..714
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/db_xref="UniSTS:481747"
variation 218
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="c"
/db_xref="dbSNP:148668967"
variation 236
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:199894051"
variation 262
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:111262341"
variation 279
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:367997246"
variation 291
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:372172128"
variation 315
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:200285291"
variation 366
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:2280738"
STS 374..476
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/standard_name="Grem1"
/db_xref="UniSTS:547439"
variation 402
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:368472880"
variation 424
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:12911221"
variation 466
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:370674293"
variation 468
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:78005246"
variation 503
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:367676745"
variation 516
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:34096580"
variation 531
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:371194430"
variation 550
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:145439767"
variation 561
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:199522589"
variation 608
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:202104240"
variation 622
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:199760237"
variation 695
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:368726521"
variation 728
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:372399812"
variation 754
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="c"
/db_xref="dbSNP:12915554"
variation 834
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:201006159"
variation 855
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:371474885"
variation 914
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:185217380"
variation 938
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:33963919"
variation 953
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="c"
/db_xref="dbSNP:17816260"
variation 957
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="c"
/db_xref="dbSNP:117317622"
variation 973
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:143523028"
variation 983
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:137899769"
variation 1130
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:143378615"
variation 1198
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:190144321"
variation 1219
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:3743105"
variation 1253
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:3743104"
variation 1275
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="c"
/db_xref="dbSNP:201983195"
variation 1290
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:16957163"
variation 1334
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:375493301"
variation 1418
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:192905956"
variation 1448
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:183994238"
variation 1496
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:147141645"
variation 1613
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:73376942"
variation 1662
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:28482374"
variation 1672..1673
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace=""
/replace="ag"
/db_xref="dbSNP:139291638"
variation 1704
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:34498321"
variation 1723
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:7162202"
variation 1730
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:140994982"
variation 1770
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:112753078"
variation 1828
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:117841568"
variation 1835
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:17525764"
variation 1913
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:75058002"
variation 1966
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:141585953"
variation 1969
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:188017488"
variation 2035
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:3812933"
variation 2053
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:180926708"
variation 2076
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:17228641"
variation 2146
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:373667491"
variation 2154
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="c"
/db_xref="dbSNP:185189241"
variation 2161
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:190577955"
variation 2174
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:150874443"
variation 2217
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:114181728"
variation 2267
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:371240416"
variation 2319
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:60698247"
variation 2396
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:182311272"
variation 2425
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:186962851"
variation 2431
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:16957261"
STS 2432..2561
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/standard_name="RH47687"
/db_xref="UniSTS:53301"
STS 2447..2626
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/standard_name="SHGC-54520"
/db_xref="UniSTS:2239"
variation 2462
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:74011946"
variation 2482
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:115255450"
variation 2488
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:139371510"
variation 2589
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:202110695"
variation 2614
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:117202960"
variation 2619
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:191603802"
variation 2621
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:201393123"
variation 2680
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:374959412"
variation 2707
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:1129488"
variation 2775
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:146588909"
variation 2814
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:182520997"
variation 2855..2857
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace=""
/replace="ttg"
/db_xref="dbSNP:373821879"
variation 2895
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:3743103"
variation 3010
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:140081414"
variation 3048
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:11853876"
variation 3059
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:146793673"
variation 3130
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:141078860"
variation 3162
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:373252623"
variation 3177
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:143200567"
variation 3183
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="c"
/db_xref="dbSNP:114363828"
variation 3247
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:10318"
variation 3255..3256
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:11548035"
variation 3285
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:185751333"
variation 3329
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:369985830"
variation 3427
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:189731184"
variation 3451
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:373869559"
variation 3556
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:62002611"
variation 3595
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:182180121"
variation 3682
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:73376946"
variation 3687
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:187710735"
variation 3711
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:193242794"
variation 3762
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:200916567"
variation 3824
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:115899948"
STS 3849..4024
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/standard_name="STS-N21113"
/db_xref="UniSTS:59852"
variation 3927
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:151194761"
variation 3935
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:1129456"
variation 4002
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:16957376"
polyA_signal 4113..4118
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
variation 4134
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
/replace="a"
/replace="c"
/db_xref="dbSNP:201134502"
polyA_site 4138
/gene="GREM1"
/gene_synonym="CKTSF1B1; DAND2; DRM; GREMLIN; IHG-2; PIG2"
ORIGIN
actcggtgcgccttccgcggaccgggcgacccagtgcacggccgccgcgtcactctcggtcccgctgaccccgcgccgagccccggcggctctggccgcggccgcactcagcgccacgcgtcgaaagcgcaggccccgaggacccgccgcactgacagtatgagccgcacagcctacacggtgggagccctgcttctcctcttggggaccctgctgccggctgctgaagggaaaaagaaagggtcccaaggtgccatccccccgccagacaaggcccagcacaatgactcagagcagactcagtcgccccagcagcctggctccaggaaccgggggcggggccaagggcggggcactgccatgcccggggaggaggtgctggagtccagccaagaggccctgcatgtgacggagcgcaaatacctgaagcgagactggtgcaaaacccagccgcttaagcagaccatccacgaggaaggctgcaacagtcgcaccatcatcaaccgcttctgttacggccagtgcaactctttctacatccccaggcacatccggaaggaggaaggttcctttcagtcctgctccttctgcaagcccaagaaattcactaccatgatggtcacactcaactgccctgaactacagccacctaccaagaagaagagagtcacacgtgtgaagcagtgtcgttgcatatccatcgatttggattaagccaaatccaggtgcacccagcatgtcctaggaatgcagccccaggaagtcccagacctaaaacaaccagattcttacttggcttaaacctagaggccagaagaacccccagctgcctcctggcaggagcctgcttgtgcgtagttcgtgtgcatgagtgtggatgggtgcctgtgggtgtttttagacaccagagaaaacacagtctctgctagagagcactccctattttgtaaacatatctgctttaatggggatgtaccagaaacccacctcaccccggctcacatctaaaggggcggggccgtggtctggttctgactttgtgtttttgtgccctcctggggaccagaatctcctttcggaatgaatgttcatggaagaggctcctctgagggcaagagacctgttttagtgctgcattcgacatggaaaagtccttttaacctgtgcttgcatcctcctttcctcctcctcctcacaatccatctcttcttaagttgatagtgactatgtcagtctaatctcttgtttgccaaggttcctaaattaattcacttaaccatgatgcaaatgtttttcattttgtgaagaccctccagactctgggagaggctggtgtgggcaaggacaagcaggatagtggagtgagaaagggagggtggagggtgaggccaaatcaggtccagcaaaagtcagtagggacattgcagaagcttgaaaggccaataccagaacacaggctgatgcttctgagaaagtcttttcctagtatttaacagaacccaagtgaacagaggagaaatgagattgccagaaagtgattaactttggccgttgcaatctgctcaaacctaacaccaaactgaaaacataaatactgaccactcctatgttcggacccaagcaagttagctaaaccaaaccaactcctctgctttgtccctcaggtggaaaagagaggtagtttagaactctctgcataggggtgggaattaatcaaaaacctcagaggctgaaattcctaatacctttcctttatcgtggttatagtcagctcatttccattccactatttcccataatgcttctgagagccactaacttgattgataaagatcctgcctctgctgagtgtacctgacagtagtctaagatgagagagtttagggactactctgttttagcaagagatattttgggggtctttttgttttaactattgtcaggagattgggctaaagagaagacgacgagagtaaggaaataaagggaattgcctctggctagagagtagttaggtgttaatacctggtagagatgtaagggatatgacctccctttctttatgtgctcactgaggatctgaggggaccctgttaggagagcatagcatcatgatgtattagctgttcatctgctactggttggatggacataactattgtaactattcagtatttactggtaggcactgtcctctgattaaacttggcctactggcaatggctacttaggattgatctaagggccaaagtgcagggtgggtgaactttattgtactttggatttggttaacctgttttcttcaagcctgaggttttatatacaaactccctgaatactctttttgccttgtatcttctcagcctcctagccaagtcctatgtaatatggaaaacaaacactgcagacttgagattcagttgccgatcaaggctctggcattcagagaacccttgcaactcgagaagctgtttttatttcgtttttgttttgatccagtgctctcccatctaacaactaaacaggagccatttcaaggcgggagatattttaaacacccaaaatgttgggtctgattttcaaacttttaaactcactactgatgattctcacgctaggcgaatttgtccaaacacatagtgtgtgtgttttgtatacactgtatgaccccaccccaaatctttgtattgtccacattctccaacaataaagcacagagtggatttaattaagcacacaaatgctaaggcagaattttgagggtgggagagaagaaaagggaaagaagctgaaaatgtaaaaccacaccagggaggaaaaatgacattcagaaccagcaaacactgaatttctcttgttgttttaactctgccacaagaatgcaatttcgttaacggagatgacttaagttggcagcagtaatcttcttttaggagcttgtaccacagtcttgcacataagtgcagatttggctcaagtaaagagaatttcctcaacactaacttcactgggataatcagcagcgtaactaccctaaaagcatatcactagccaaagagggaaatatctgttcttcttactgtgcctatattaagactagtacaaatgtggtgtgtcttccaactttcattgaaaatgccatatctataccatattttattcgagtcactgatgatgtaatgatatattttttcattattatagtagaatatttttatggcaagatatttgtggtcttgatcatacctattaaaataatgccaaacaccaaatatgaattttatgatgtacactttgtgcttggcattaaaagaaaaaaacacacatcctggaagtctgtaagttgttttttgttactgtaggtcttcaaagttaagagtgtaagtgaaaaatctggaggagaggataatttccactgtgtggaatgtgaatagttaaatgaaaagttatggttatttaatgtaattattacttcaaatcctttggtcactgtgatttcaagcatgttttctttttctcctttatatgactttctctgagttgggcaaagaagaagctgacacaccgtatgttgttagagtcttttatctggtcaggggaaacaaaatcttgacccagctgaacatgtcttcctgagtcagtgcctgaatctttattttttaaattgaatgttccttaaaggttaacatttctaaagcaatattaagaaagactttaaatgttattttggaagacttacgatgcatgtatacaaacgaatagcagataatgatgactagttcacacataaagtccttttaaggagaaaatctaaaatgaaaagtggataaacagaacatttataagtgatcagttaatgcctaagagtgaaagtagttctattgacattcctcaagatatttaatatcaactgcattatgtattatgtctgcttaaatcatttaaaaacggcaaagaattatatagactatgaggtaccttgctgtgtaggaggatgaaaggggagttgatagtctcataaaactaatttggcttcaagtttcatgaatctgtaactagaatttaattttcaccccaataatgttctatatagcctttgctaaagagcaactaataaattaaacctattctttctgtgaaaaaaaaaaaa
//
ANNOTATIONS from NCBI Entrez Gene (20130726):
GeneID:26585 -> Molecular function: GO:0005125 [cytokine activity] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Molecular function: GO:0005515 [protein binding] evidence: IPI
GeneID:26585 -> Molecular function: GO:0016015 [morphogen activity] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Molecular function: GO:0030296 [protein tyrosine kinase activator activity] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Molecular function: GO:0036122 [BMP binding] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Molecular function: GO:0043184 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Molecular function: GO:0048018 [receptor agonist activity] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0000902 [cell morphogenesis] evidence: IDA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0001658 [branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0002042 [cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0002092 [positive regulation of receptor internalization] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0003257 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0003337 [mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0007267 [cell-cell signaling] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] evidence: IDA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0009954 [proximal/distal pattern formation] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0010717 [regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition] evidence: IMP
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0030199 [collagen fibril organization] evidence: IMP
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0030308 [negative regulation of cell growth] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0030326 [embryonic limb morphogenesis] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0030502 [negative regulation of bone mineralization] evidence: IMP
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0030514 [negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway] evidence: IDA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0030514 [negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway] evidence: IMP
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0032872 [regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0033689 [negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation] evidence: IMP
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0042346 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0045766 [positive regulation of angiogenesis] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0045892 [negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0046851 [negative regulation of bone remodeling] evidence: IMP
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0048263 [determination of dorsal identity] evidence: IMP
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0051893 [regulation of focal adhesion assembly] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0051973 [positive regulation of telomerase activity] evidence: IDA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0060394 [negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation] evidence: IDA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0060676 [ureteric bud formation] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0072331 [signal transduction by p53 class mediator] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0090027 [negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0090090 [negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway] evidence: IDA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0090190 [positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0090191 [negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis] evidence: IEA
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:0090291 [negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation] evidence: IMP
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:1900086 [positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:1900155 [negative regulation of bone trabecula formation] evidence: IMP
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:1900158 [negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation] evidence: IMP
GeneID:26585 -> Biological process: GO:2000727 [positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation] evidence: ISS
GeneID:26585 -> Cellular component: GO:0005615 [extracellular space] evidence: NAS
GeneID:26585 -> Cellular component: GO:0009986 [cell surface] evidence: IEA
by
@meso_cacase at
DBCLS
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