LOCUS       NM_002129               1527 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 17-APR-2013
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2), transcript variant
            1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_002129
VERSION     NM_002129.3  GI:194688131
KEYWORDS    RefSeq.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1527)
  AUTHORS   McCauley,M.J., Rueter,E.M., Rouzina,I., Maher,L.J. III and
            Williams,M.C.
  TITLE     Single-molecule kinetics reveal microscopic mechanism by which
            High-Mobility Group B proteins alter DNA flexibility
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res. 41 (1), 167-181 (2013)
   PUBMED   23143110
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Transient local HMGB2-DNA contacts dominate the
            DNA-bending mechanism used by HMGB proteins to increase DNA
            flexibility.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1527)
  AUTHORS   Takaishi,H., Kanai,T., Nakazawa,A., Sugata,F., Nikai,A.,
            Yoshizawa,S., Hamamoto,Y., Funakoshi,S., Yajima,T., Iwao,Y.,
            Takemura,M., Ozaki,S. and Hibi,T.
  TITLE     Anti-high mobility group box 1 and box 2 non-histone chromosomal
            proteins (HMGB1/HMGB2) antibodies and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae
            antibodies (ASCA): accuracy in differentially diagnosing UC and CD
            and correlation with inflammatory bowel disease phenotype
  JOURNAL   J. Gastroenterol. 47 (9), 969-977 (2012)
   PUBMED   22644337
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Crohn's disease in the colon and ulcerative colitis can be
            differentially diagnosed using anti-HMGB/HMGB2 antibodies combined
            with anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1527)
  AUTHORS   Taniguchi,N., Carames,B., Hsu,E., Cherqui,S., Kawakami,Y. and
            Lotz,M.
  TITLE     Expression patterns and function of chromatin protein HMGB2 during
            mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
  JOURNAL   J. Biol. Chem. 286 (48), 41489-41498 (2011)
   PUBMED   21890638
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The age-related loss of HMGB2 in articular cartilage may
            represent a mechanism responsible for the decline in adult
            cartilage stem cell populations.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1527)
  AUTHORS   Kwon,J.H., Kim,J., Park,J.Y., Hong,S.M., Park,C.W., Hong,S.J.,
            Park,S.Y., Choi,Y.J., Do,I.G., Joh,J.W., Kim,D.S. and Choi,K.Y.
  TITLE     Overexpression of high-mobility group box 2 is associated with
            tumor aggressiveness and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
  JOURNAL   Clin. Cancer Res. 16 (22), 5511-5521 (2010)
   PUBMED   20851854
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The results can partly be explained by altered cell
            proliferations by HMGB2 associated with the antiapoptotic pathway.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1527)
  AUTHORS   Lee,D., Kwon,J.H., Kim,E.H., Kim,E.S. and Choi,K.Y.
  TITLE     HMGB2 stabilizes p53 by interfering with E6/E6AP-mediated p53
            degradation in human papillomavirus-positive HeLa cells
  JOURNAL   Cancer Lett. 292 (1), 125-132 (2010)
   PUBMED   20036050
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Our findings collectively suggest that HMGB2 could
            stabilize p53 by interfering with E6/E6AP-mediated p53 degradation
            in HPV-positive HeLa cells.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1527)
  AUTHORS   Alexandre,S., Li,W.W. and Lee,A.S.
  TITLE     A human HMG2 cDNA with a novel 3'-untranslated region
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res. 20 (23), 6413 (1992)
   PUBMED   1475204
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1527)
  AUTHORS   Shirakawa,H. and Yoshida,M.
  TITLE     Structure of a gene coding for human HMG2 protein
  JOURNAL   J. Biol. Chem. 267 (10), 6641-6645 (1992)
   PUBMED   1551873
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1527)
  AUTHORS   Majumdar,A., Brown,D., Kerby,S., Rudzinski,I., Polte,T.,
            Randhawa,Z. and Seidman,M.M.
  TITLE     Sequence of human HMG2 cDNA
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (23), 6643 (1991)
   PUBMED   1754403
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1527)
  AUTHORS   Bernues,J., Espel,E. and Querol,E.
  TITLE     Identification of the core-histone-binding domains of HMG1 and HMG2
  JOURNAL   Biochim. Biophys. Acta 866 (4), 242-251 (1986)
   PUBMED   3697355
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1527)
  AUTHORS   Chiou,W.L. and Niazi,S.
  TITLE     Pharmaceutical applications of solid dispersion systems:
            dissolution of griseofulvin-succinic acid eutectic mixture
  JOURNAL   J Pharm Sci 65 (8), 1212-1214 (1976)
   PUBMED   978439
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC097534.3, BM727941.1 and
            AA576809.1.
            On Jul 30, 2008 this sequence version replaced gi:14141173.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the non-histone chromosomal
            high mobility group protein family. The proteins of this family are
            chromatin-associated and ubiquitously distributed in the nucleus of
            higher eukaryotic cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated that
            this protein is able to efficiently bend DNA and form DNA circles.
            These studies suggest a role in facilitating cooperative
            interactions between cis-acting proteins by promoting DNA
            flexibility. This protein was also reported to be involved in the
            final ligation step in DNA end-joining processes of DNA
            double-strand breaks repair and V(D)J recombination. [provided by
            RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest
            transcript.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: X62534.1, BC000903.2 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed/partial sample support
                                           ERS025081, ERS025082 [ECO:0000350]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-173               AC097534.3         80249-80421         c
            174-343             AC097534.3         79477-79646         c
            344-489             AC097534.3         79046-79191         c
            490-664             AC097534.3         78798-78972         c
            665-1195            AC097534.3         77685-78215         c
            1196-1268           BM727941.1         486-558
            1269-1527           AA576809.1         190-448
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1527
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4q31"
     gene            1..1527
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /note="high mobility group box 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3148"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:5000"
                     /db_xref="HPRD:01229"
                     /db_xref="MIM:163906"
     exon            1..173
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
     misc_feature    86..88
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /note="upstream in-frame stop codon"
     exon            174..343
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
     CDS             194..823
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /note="high-mobility group (nonhistone chromosomal)
                     protein 2; high-mobility group box 2; HMG-2; high mobility
                     group protein 2"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="high mobility group protein B2"
                     /protein_id="NP_002120.1"
                     /db_xref="GI:11321591"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS3816.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:3148"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:5000"
                     /db_xref="HPRD:01229"
                     /db_xref="MIM:163906"
                     /translation="

MGKGDPNKPRGKMSSYAFFVQTCREEHKKKHPDSSVNFAEFSKKCSERWKTMSAKEKSKFEDMAKSDKARYDREMKNYVPPKGDKKGKKKDPNAPKRPPSAFFLFCSEHRPKIKSEHPGLSIGDTAKKLGEMWSEQSAKDKQPYEQKAAKLKEKYEKDIAAYRAKGKSEAGKKGPGRPTGSKKKNEPEDEEEEEEEEDEDEEEEDEDEE

"
     misc_feature    218..421
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /note="HMGB-UBF_HMG-box, class II and III members of the
                     HMG-box superfamily of DNA-binding proteins. These
                     proteins bind the minor groove of DNA in a non-sequence
                     specific fashion and contain two or more tandem HMG boxes.
                     Class II members include non-histone...; Region:
                     HMGB-UBF_HMG-box; cd01390"
                     /db_xref="CDD:238686"
     misc_feature    order(224..226,230..235,239..244,251..256,263..265,
                     275..277,320..322,329..331,338..340,395..397)
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /note="DNA binding site [nucleotide binding]"
                     /db_xref="CDD:238686"
     misc_feature    281..283
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
                     recorded"
                     /note="N6-acetyllysine; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P26583.2); acetylation site"
     misc_feature    296..298
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
                     recorded"
                     /note="phosphorylation site"
     misc_feature    386..388
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
                     recorded"
                     /note="proteolytic cleavage site; modified site"
                     /db_xref="HPRD:00771"
     misc_feature    476..673
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /note="High Mobility Group (HMG)-box is found in a variety
                     of eukaryotic chromosomal proteins and transcription
                     factors. HMGs bind to the minor groove of DNA and have
                     been classified by DNA binding preferences. Two
                     phylogenically distinct groups of Class I...; Region:
                     HMG-box; cd00084"
                     /db_xref="CDD:238037"
     misc_feature    order(482..484,488..493,497..502,509..514,521..523,
                     533..535,572..574,581..583,590..592,647..649)
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /note="DNA binding site [nucleotide binding]"
                     /db_xref="CDD:238037"
     misc_feature    593..595
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
                     recorded"
                     /note="phosphorylation site"
     variation       336
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /replace="g"
                     /replace="t"
                     /db_xref="dbSNP:11542247"
     exon            344..489
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
     STS             464..572
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /standard_name="HMGB2"
                     /db_xref="UniSTS:503325"
     exon            490..664
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
     STS             593..732
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /standard_name="PMC170950P6"
                     /db_xref="UniSTS:271624"
     exon            665..1527
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
     STS             732..939
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /standard_name="RH126943"
                     /db_xref="UniSTS:209768"
     STS             744..1308
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /standard_name="HMGB2_3099"
                     /db_xref="UniSTS:462899"
     STS             825..1169
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /standard_name="SHGC-12669"
                     /db_xref="UniSTS:73475"
     STS             826..917
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
                     /standard_name="SHGC-67901"
                     /db_xref="UniSTS:49708"
     polyA_signal    1184..1189
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
     polyA_site      1202
                     /gene="HMGB2"
                     /gene_synonym="HMG2"
ORIGIN      

ggggatgtggcccgtggcctagctcgtcaagttgccgtggcgcggagaactctgcaaaacaagaggctgaggattgcgttagagataaaccagttcacgccggagccccgtgagggaagcgtctccgttgggtccggccgctctgcgggactctgaggaaaagctcgcaccaggtggacgcggatctgtcaacatgggtaaaggagaccccaacaagccgcggggcaaaatgtcctcgtacgccttcttcgtgcagacctgccgggaagagcacaagaagaaacacccggactcttccgtcaatttcgcggaattctccaagaagtgttcggagagatggaagaccatgtctgcaaaggagaagtcgaagtttgaagatatggcaaaaagtgacaaagctcgctatgacagggagatgaaaaattacgttcctcccaaaggtgataagaaggggaagaaaaaggaccccaatgctcctaaaaggccaccatctgccttcttcctgttttgctctgaacatcgcccaaagatcaaaagtgaacaccctggcctatccattggggatactgcaaagaaattgggtgaaatgtggtctgagcagtcagccaaagataaacaaccatatgaacagaaagcagctaagctaaaggagaaatatgaaaaggatattgctgcatatcgtgccaagggcaaaagtgaagcaggaaagaagggccctggcaggccaacaggctcaaagaagaagaacgaaccagaagatgaggaggaggaggaggaagaagaagatgaagatgaggaggaagaggatgaagatgaagaataaatggctatcctttaatgatgcgtgtggaatgtgtgtgtgtgctcaggcaattattttgctaagaatgtgaattcaagtgcagctcaatactagcttcagtataaaaactgtacagatttttgtatagctgataagattctctgtagagaaaatacttttaaaaaatgcaggttgtagctttttgatgggctactcatacagttagattttacagcttctgatgttgaatgttcctaaatatttaatggtttttttaatttcttgtgtatggtagcacagcaaacttgtaggaattagtatcaatagtaaattttgggttttttaggatgttgcatttcgtttttttaaaaaaaattttgtaataaaattatgtatattatttctattgtctttgtcttaatatgctaagttaattttcactttaaaaaagccatttgaagaccagagctatgttgatttttttcggtatttctgcctagtagttcttagacacagttgacctagtaaaatgtttgagaattaaaaccaaacatgctcatatttgcaaaatgttctttaaaagttacatgttgaactcagtgaactttataagaatttatgcagttttacagaacgttaagttttgtacttgacgtttctgtttattagctaaattgttcctcaggtgtgtgtatatatatatacatatatatatatatatatat

//

ANNOTATIONS from NCBI Entrez Gene (20130726):
            GeneID:3148 -> Molecular function: GO:0003677 [DNA binding] evidence: IMP
            GeneID:3148 -> Molecular function: GO:0003684 [damaged DNA binding] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Molecular function: GO:0003690 [double-stranded DNA binding] evidence: ISS
            GeneID:3148 -> Molecular function: GO:0003697 [single-stranded DNA binding] evidence: ISS
            GeneID:3148 -> Molecular function: GO:0003700 [sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Molecular function: GO:0005515 [protein binding] evidence: IPI
            GeneID:3148 -> Molecular function: GO:0008301 [DNA binding, bending] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Molecular function: GO:0019904 [protein domain specific binding] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:3148 -> Molecular function: GO:0042056 [chemoattractant activity] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Molecular function: GO:0044212 [transcription regulatory region DNA binding] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Molecular function: GO:0050786 [RAGE receptor binding] evidence: IGI
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0001938 [positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0006265 [DNA topological change] evidence: ISS
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0006288 [base-excision repair, DNA ligation] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0006309 [apoptotic DNA fragmentation] evidence: TAS
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0006325 [chromatin organization] evidence: NAS
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0006334 [nucleosome assembly] evidence: NAS
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0006357 [regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] evidence: TAS
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0006921 [cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis] evidence: TAS
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0007289 [spermatid nucleus differentiation] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0008584 [male gonad development] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0032075 [positive regulation of nuclease activity] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0033151 [V(D)J recombination] evidence: ISS
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0043388 [positive regulation of DNA binding] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0045648 [positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation] evidence: IMP
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0045654 [positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation] evidence: IMP
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0045892 [negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0045893 [positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0048015 [phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling] evidence: NAS
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0048545 [response to steroid hormone stimulus] evidence: IEA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0050918 [positive chemotaxis] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0051103 [DNA ligation involved in DNA repair] evidence: ISS
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0060326 [cell chemotaxis] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Biological process: GO:0071222 [cellular response to lipopolysaccharide] evidence: IEP
            GeneID:3148 -> Cellular component: GO:0000793 [condensed chromosome] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Cellular component: GO:0005615 [extracellular space] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Cellular component: GO:0005634 [nucleus] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Cellular component: GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] evidence: TAS
            GeneID:3148 -> Cellular component: GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Cellular component: GO:0043234 [protein complex] evidence: IDA
            GeneID:3148 -> Cellular component: GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] evidence: IDA