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2025-10-29 06:39:46, GGRNA : RefSeq release 60 (20130726)
LOCUS NM_002583 1967 bp mRNA linear PRI 07-JUL-2013
DEFINITION Homo sapiens PRKC, apoptosis, WT1, regulator (PAWR), mRNA.
ACCESSION NM_002583
VERSION NM_002583.2 GI:55769532
KEYWORDS RefSeq.
SOURCE Homo sapiens (human)
ORGANISM Homo sapiens
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 1967)
AUTHORS Burikhanov,R., Shrestha-Bhattarai,T., Qiu,S., Shukla,N., Hebbar,N.,
Lele,S.M., Horbinski,C. and Rangnekar,V.M.
TITLE Novel mechanism of apoptosis resistance in cancer mediated by
extracellular PAR-4
JOURNAL Cancer Res. 73 (2), 1011-1019 (2013)
PUBMED 23204231
REMARK GeneRIF: our results identify a novel intracellular pathway of
apoptosis mediated by NF-kappaB through UACA elevation, which by
attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress and GRP78 translocation to
the cell surface can blunt the sensitivity of cancer cells to
apoptosis.
REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 1967)
AUTHORS Wang,G., Dinkins,M., He,Q., Zhu,G., Poirier,C., Campbell,A.,
Mayer-Proschel,M. and Bieberich,E.
TITLE Astrocytes secrete exosomes enriched with proapoptotic ceramide and
prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR-4): potential mechanism of
apoptosis induction in Alzheimer disease (AD)
JOURNAL J. Biol. Chem. 287 (25), 21384-21395 (2012)
PUBMED 22532571
REMARK GeneRIF: a novel mechanism of apoptosis induction by
PAR-4/ceramide-enriched exosomes, which may critically contribute
to Alzheimer disease.
REFERENCE 3 (bases 1 to 1967)
AUTHORS Wang,Y., Moreland,M., Wagner,J.G., Ames,B.N., Illek,B., Peden,D.B.
and Jiang,Q.
TITLE Vitamin E forms inhibit IL-13/STAT6-induced eotaxin-3 secretion by
up-regulation of PAR4, an endogenous inhibitor of atypical PKC in
human lung epithelial cells
JOURNAL J. Nutr. Biochem. 23 (6), 602-608 (2012)
PUBMED 21764283
REMARK GeneRIF: Gamma-tocotrienol inhibited IL-13/STAT6-activated eotaxin
secretion via up-regulation of PAR4 expression and enhancement of
aPKC-PAR4 complex formation.
REFERENCE 4 (bases 1 to 1967)
AUTHORS Chaudhry,P., Singh,M., Parent,S. and Asselin,E.
TITLE Prostate apoptosis response 4 (Par-4), a novel substrate of
caspase-3 during apoptosis activation
JOURNAL Mol. Cell. Biol. 32 (4), 826-839 (2012)
PUBMED 22184067
REMARK GeneRIF: identified a novel specific caspase-3 cleavage site in
Par-4, and the cleaved fragment of Par-4 retains proapoptotic
activity
REFERENCE 5 (bases 1 to 1967)
AUTHORS Casolari,D.A., Pereira,M.C., de Bessa Garcia,S.A. and Nagai,M.A.
TITLE Insulin-like growth factor-1 and 17beta-estradiol down-regulate
prostate apoptosis response-4 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer
cells
JOURNAL Int. J. Mol. Med. 28 (3), 337-342 (2011)
PUBMED 21567071
REMARK GeneRIF: 17beta-estradiol and Insulin-like growth factor-1 inhibit
PAR-4 gene expression in MCF-7 cells.
REFERENCE 6 (bases 1 to 1967)
AUTHORS Guo,Q., Xie,J., Chang,X. and Du,H.
TITLE Prostate apoptosis response-4 enhances secretion of amyloid beta
peptide 1-42 in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells by a
caspase-dependent pathway
JOURNAL J. Biol. Chem. 276 (19), 16040-16044 (2001)
PUBMED 11278808
REMARK GeneRIF: Par-4 increases secretion of amyloid beta peptide 1-42,
which contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
REFERENCE 7 (bases 1 to 1967)
AUTHORS Kruman,I.I., Nath,A., Maragos,W.F., Chan,S.L., Jones,M.,
Rangnekar,V.M., Jakel,R.J. and Mattson,M.P.
TITLE Evidence that Par-4 participates in the pathogenesis of HIV
encephalitis
JOURNAL Am. J. Pathol. 155 (1), 39-46 (1999)
PUBMED 10393834
REFERENCE 8 (bases 1 to 1967)
AUTHORS Johnstone,R.W., Tommerup,N., Hansen,C., Vissing,H. and Shi,Y.
TITLE Mapping of the human PAWR (par-4) gene to chromosome 12q21
JOURNAL Genomics 53 (2), 241-243 (1998)
PUBMED 9790775
REFERENCE 9 (bases 1 to 1967)
AUTHORS Guo,Q., Fu,W., Xie,J., Luo,H., Sells,S.F., Geddes,J.W., Bondada,V.,
Rangnekar,V.M. and Mattson,M.P.
TITLE Par-4 is a mediator of neuronal degeneration associated with the
pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease
JOURNAL Nat. Med. 4 (8), 957-962 (1998)
PUBMED 9701251
REMARK GeneRIF: Par-4 expression is increased in vulnerable neurons in
Alzheimer's disease, and contributes to apoptotic neuronal cell
death in the disease.
REFERENCE 10 (bases 1 to 1967)
AUTHORS Johnstone,R.W., See,R.H., Sells,S.F., Wang,J., Muthukkumar,S.,
Englert,C., Haber,D.A., Licht,J.D., Sugrue,S.P., Roberts,T.,
Rangnekar,V.M. and Shi,Y.
TITLE A novel repressor, par-4, modulates transcription and growth
suppression functions of the Wilms' tumor suppressor WT1
JOURNAL Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (12), 6945-6956 (1996)
PUBMED 8943350
COMMENT REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
reference sequence was derived from CN280333.1, BC007018.1,
U63809.1 and CA313080.1.
On Nov 15, 2004 this sequence version replaced gi:4505612.
Summary: The tumor suppressor WT1 represses and activates
transcription. The protein encoded by this gene is a
WT1-interacting protein that itself functions as a transcriptional
repressor. It contains a putative leucine zipper domain which
interacts with the zinc finger DNA binding domain of WT1. This
protein is specifically upregulated during apoptosis of prostate
cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
record to access additional publications.
##Evidence-Data-START##
Transcript exon combination :: U63809.1 [ECO:0000332]
RNAseq introns :: mixed/partial sample support
ERS025081, ERS025082 [ECO:0000350]
##Evidence-Data-END##
COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY REFSEQ_SPAN PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN COMP
1-421 CN280333.1 4-424
422-882 BC007018.1 268-728
883-1127 U63809.1 841-1085
1128-1662 BC007018.1 974-1508
1663-1672 U63809.1 1621-1630
1673-1950 BC007018.1 1520-1797
1951-1967 CA313080.1 1-17 c
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
source 1..1967
/organism="Homo sapiens"
/mol_type="mRNA"
/db_xref="taxon:9606"
/chromosome="12"
/map="12q21"
gene 1..1967
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/note="PRKC, apoptosis, WT1, regulator"
/db_xref="GeneID:5074"
/db_xref="HGNC:8614"
/db_xref="MIM:601936"
exon 1..139
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
exon 140..802
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
misc_feature 254..256
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/note="upstream in-frame stop codon"
CDS 287..1309
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/note="transcriptional repressor PAR4; WT1-interacting
protein; prostate apoptosis response protein 4; prostate
apoptosis response protein PAR-4; prostate apoptosis
response 4 protein; prostate apoptosis response-4"
/codon_start=1
/product="PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator protein"
/protein_id="NP_002574.2"
/db_xref="GI:55769533"
/db_xref="CCDS:CCDS31863.1"
/db_xref="GeneID:5074"
/db_xref="HGNC:8614"
/db_xref="MIM:601936"
/translation="
MATGGYRTSSGLGGSTTDFLEEWKAKREKMRAKQNPPGPAPPGGGSSDAAGKPPAGALGTPAAAAANELNNNLPGGAPAAPAVPGPGGVNCAVGSAMLTRAAPGPRRSEDEPPAASASAAPPPQRDEEEPDGVPEKGKSSGPSARKGKGQIEKRKLREKRRSTGVVNIPAAECLDEYEDDEAGQKERKREDAITQQNTIQNEAVNLLDPGSSYLLQEPPRTVSGRYKSTTSVSEEDVSSRYSRTDRSGFPRYNRDANVSGTLVSSSTLEKKIEDLEKEVVRERQENLRLVRLMQDKEEMIGKLKEEIDLLNRDLDDIEDENEQLKQENKTLLKVVGQLTR
"
misc_feature 719..895
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
recorded"
/note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (Q96IZ0.1);
Region: Selective for apoptosis induction in cancer cells
(SAC)"
misc_feature 719..769
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/inference="non-experimental evidence, no additional
details recorded"
/note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (Q96IZ0.1);
Region: Nuclear localization signal (By similarity)"
misc_feature 1088..>1279
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/note="Plant protein of unknown function (DUF869); Region:
DUF869; pfam05911"
/db_xref="CDD:203347"
misc_feature 1184..1306
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
recorded"
/note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (Q96IZ0.1);
Region: Leucine-zipper"
variation 411
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/replace="c"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:8176804"
variation 519
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:8176805"
variation 696
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/replace="c"
/replace="g"
/db_xref="dbSNP:8176806"
exon 803..934
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
variation 883
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/replace="a"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:2307223"
variation 891
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/replace="a"
/replace="c"
/db_xref="dbSNP:8176870"
exon 935..969
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
exon 970..1117
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
exon 1118..1222
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
exon 1223..1951
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/inference="alignment:Splign:1.39.8"
variation 1291
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:8176908"
variation 1547
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:8176909"
variation 1822
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
/replace="g"
/replace="t"
/db_xref="dbSNP:2307220"
polyA_signal 1924..1929
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
polyA_site 1951
/gene="PAWR"
/gene_synonym="Par-4; PAR4"
ORIGIN
ctgtcctgggattgcctggagctccgcaccgcgagtttgccgcggcactttccgcgcggcggaagagcgcgcgccagcttcggcacacctgggagccggatcccagccctacgcctcgtcccctacaagctcctccaagccccgccggctgctgtgggagcggcggccgtccctctcctggaggtcgtctcctggcatcctcggggccgcaggaaggaagaggaggcagcggccggagccctggtgggcggcctgaggtgagagcccgaccggcccctttgggaatatggcgaccggtggctaccggaccagcagcggcctcggcggcagcaccacagacttcctggaggagtggaaggcgaaacgcgagaagatgcgcgccaagcagaaccccccgggcccggcccccccgggagggggcagcagcgacgccgctgggaagccccccgcgggggctctgggcaccccggcggccgccgctgccaacgagctcaacaacaacctcccgggcggcgcgccggccgcacctgccgtccccggtcccgggggcgtgaactgcgcggtcggctccgccatgctgacgcgggcggcccccggcccgcggcggtcggaggacgagcccccagccgcctctgcctcggctgcaccgccgccccagcgtgacgaggaggagccggacggcgtcccagagaagggcaagagctcgggccccagtgccaggaaaggcaaggggcagatcgagaagaggaagctgcgggagaagcggcgctccaccggcgtggtcaacatccctgccgcagagtgcttagatgagtacgaagatgatgaagcagggcagaaagagcggaaacgagaagatgcaattacacaacagaacactattcagaatgaagctgtaaacttactagatccaggcagttcctatctgctacaggagccacctagaacagtttcaggcagatataaaagcacaaccagtgtctctgaagaagatgtctcaagtagatattctcgaacagatagaagtgggttccctagatataacagggatgcaaatgtttcaggtactctggtttcaagtagcacactggaaaagaaaattgaagatcttgaaaaggaagtagtaagagaaagacaagaaaacctaagacttgtgagactgatgcaagataaagaggaaatgattggaaaactcaaagaagaaattgatttattaaatagagacctagatgacatagaagatgaaaatgaacagctaaagcaggaaaataaaactcttttgaaagttgtgggtcagctgaccaggtagaggattcaagactcaatgtggaaaaaatattttaaactactgattgaatgttaatggtcaatgctagcacaatattcctatgctgcaatacattaaaataactaagcaagtatatttatttctagcaaacagatgtttgttttcaaaatacttctttttcattattggttttaaaaaagcattatccttttatctcacaaataagtaatatctttcagttattaaatgatagataatgcctttttggttttgtgtggtattcaactaatacatggtttaaagtcacagccgtttgaatatattttatcttggtagtacattttctcccttaggaatatacatagtctttgtttacatgagttcaaatacttttgggatgttaccttcacatgtcctattactgatgtgtgcaaccttttatgtgttgatgactcactcataaaggtttttgtctactgtcatttgttctttccacttattctaagcatttagagtaatagagtcatacttttttataacagcaaccttttaaaaggaaagctcttataaagtcactgtcatgttttagttgactaaatataaatttaagagaatacttgaattgtgctatagtaaataaaaatttactattttgtgtttgaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
//
ANNOTATIONS from NCBI Entrez Gene (20130726):
GeneID:5074 -> Molecular function: GO:0003714 [transcription corepressor activity] evidence: TAS
GeneID:5074 -> Molecular function: GO:0003779 [actin binding] evidence: ISS
GeneID:5074 -> Molecular function: GO:0005515 [protein binding] evidence: IPI
GeneID:5074 -> Molecular function: GO:0019899 [enzyme binding] evidence: IDA
GeneID:5074 -> Molecular function: GO:0043522 [leucine zipper domain binding] evidence: IPI
GeneID:5074 -> Biological process: GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] evidence: TAS
GeneID:5074 -> Biological process: GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-dependent] evidence: IEA
GeneID:5074 -> Biological process: GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] evidence: IEA
GeneID:5074 -> Biological process: GO:0006917 [induction of apoptosis] evidence: ISS
GeneID:5074 -> Biological process: GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation] evidence: TAS
GeneID:5074 -> Biological process: GO:0030889 [negative regulation of B cell proliferation] evidence: IEA
GeneID:5074 -> Biological process: GO:0042094 [interleukin-2 biosynthetic process] evidence: IEA
GeneID:5074 -> Biological process: GO:0042130 [negative regulation of T cell proliferation] evidence: IEA
GeneID:5074 -> Biological process: GO:0042986 [positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process] evidence: IEA
GeneID:5074 -> Biological process: GO:0043065 [positive regulation of apoptotic process] evidence: NAS
GeneID:5074 -> Biological process: GO:0050860 [negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway] evidence: IEA
GeneID:5074 -> Biological process: GO:0051017 [actin filament bundle assembly] evidence: ISS
GeneID:5074 -> Cellular component: GO:0005634 [nucleus] evidence: IDA
GeneID:5074 -> Cellular component: GO:0005634 [nucleus] evidence: NAS
GeneID:5074 -> Cellular component: GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] evidence: IDA
GeneID:5074 -> Cellular component: GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] evidence: NAS
GeneID:5074 -> Cellular component: GO:0005884 [actin filament] evidence: ISS
GeneID:5074 -> Cellular component: GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] evidence: IDA
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